Neurotology: definitions and evidence-based therapies - Results of the I Brazilian Forum of Neurotology / Otoneurologia: definições e terapias baseadas em evidências - Resultados do I Fórum Brasileiro de Otoneurologia

Abstract Introduction: Neurotology is a rapidly expanding field of knowledge. The study of the vestibular system has advanced so much that even basic definitions, such as the meaning of vestibular symptoms, have only recently been standardized. Objective: To present a review of the main subjects of neurotology, including concepts, diagnosis and treatment of Neurotology, defining current scientific evidence to facilitate decision-making and to point out the most evidence-lacking areas to stimulate further new research. Methods: This text is the result of the I Brazilian Forum of Neurotology, which brought together the foremost Brazilian researchers in this area for a literature review. In all, there will be three review papers to be published. This first review will address definitions and therapies, the second one will address diagnostic tools, and the third will define the main diseases diagnoses. Each author performed a bibliographic search in the LILACS, SciELO, PubMed and MEDLINE databases on a given subject. The text was then submitted to the other Forum participants for a period of 30 days for analysis. A special chapter, on the definition of vestibular symptoms, was translated by an official translation service, and equally submitted to the other stages of the process. There was then a in-person meeting in which all the texts were orally presented, and there was a discussion among the participants to define a consensual text for each chapter. The consensual texts were then submitted to a final review by four professors of neurotology disciplines from three Brazilian universities and finally concluded. Based on the full text, available on the website of the Brazilian Association of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervical-Facial Surgery, this summary version was written as a review article. Result: The text presents the official translation into Portuguese of the definition of vestibular symptoms proposed by the Bárány Society and brings together the main scientific evidence for each of the main existing therapies for neurotological diseases. Conclusion: This text rationally grouped the main topics of knowledge regarding the definitions and therapies of Neurotology, allowing the reader a broad view of the approach of neurotological patients based on scientific evidence and national experience, which should assist them in clinical decision-making, and show the most evidence-lacking topics to stimulate further study.

Resumo Introdução: A otoneurologia é uma área de conhecimento que tem se expandido muito rapidamente. O estudo do sistema vestibular tem avançado tanto que mesmo definições básicas, como o significado dos sintomas vestibulares, foram apenas recentemente padronizadas. Objetivo: Apresentar uma revisão dos principais assuntos da otoneurologia, inclusive conceitos, diagnóstico e tratamento da otoneurologia, definir a evidência científica atual para facilitar a tomada de decisões e demonstrar as áreas mais carentes de evidência para estimular novas pesquisas. Método: Este texto é fruto do I Fórum Brasileiro de Otoneurologia, que reuniu os principais pesquisadores brasileiros dessa área para uma revisão da literatura. Serão feitos três trabalhos de revisão a serem publicados. Este primeiro abordou as definições e as terapias, o segundo abordará as ferramentas diagnósticas e o terceiro definirá os principais diagnósticos. Cada autor fez um levantamento bibliográfico na base de dados da Lilacs, SciELO, Pubmed e Medline de um determinado assunto. O seu texto foi então submetido aos demais participantes do Fórum por 30 dias para análise. Um capítulo especial, da definição dos sintomas vestibulares, foi traduzido por serviço de tradução oficial e igualmente submetido às demais etapas do processo. Houve então uma reunião presencial em que todos os textos foram apresentados oralmente e houve uma discussão entre os participantes para a definição de um texto consensual para cada capítulo. Os textos consensuais foram então submetidos a uma revisão final por quatro professores de otoneurologia de três universidades brasileiras e, por fim, finalizado. A partir do texto completo, publicado no site da Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial, foi escrita esta versão-resumo como artigo de revisão. Resultado: O texto apresenta a tradução oficial para o português da definição dos sintomas vestibulares propostos pela Barany Society e agrupa as principais evidências científicas para cada um das principais terapias existentes para as doenças otoneurológicas. Conclusão: Este texto agrupou de forma racional os principais tópicos de conhecimento a respeito das definições e terapias da otoneurologia, permite ao leitor uma visão ampla da abordagem dos pacientes otoneurológicos baseada em evidências científicas e experiência nacional, que deverá auxiliá-lo na tomada de decisões clínicas, e mostra os assuntos mais carentes de evidência para estimular novos estudos.

Effect of Fractal Tones on the Improvement of Tinnitus Handicap Inventory Functional Scores among Chronic Tinnitus Patients: An Open-label Pilot Study

Abstract Introduction Music-based sound therapies become recently a trend in the treatment of tinnitus. Few publications have studied the therapeutic use of fractal tones to treat chronic tinnitus. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the benefits of using fractal tones as a unique sound therapy for chronic tinnitus sufferers. Methods Twelve participants were recruited; however, six could not be assigned. At baseline and at 1, 3 and 6 months, the participants were provided with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults (HHIA) questionnaires, and their visual analog scale score was recorded. Tinnitus pitch and loudness matching was performed before fitting and after 6 months of use. Results The visual analog scale (VAS) score, pitch and loudness matching and minimal masking levels did not result in significant improvement at the end of the treatment. The mean THI measured at baseline was 45, and the final one was 25. A paired sample t-test showed that this 20-point difference was statistically significant. Conclusions We measured the benefits of using fractal tone therapy for the treatment of chronic tinnitus and found that most of the benefits were in the THI functional domain, which includes concentration, reading, attention, consciousness, sleep, social activities, and household tasks. For all patients with bothersome chronic tinnitus and high scores on the THI functional scale, fractal tones should be considered a promising initial sound therapy strategy. The findings from this open-label pilot study are preliminary, and further trials are needed before these results can be generalized to a larger tinnitus population.

Efficacy of Carbon Microcoils in Relieving Cervicogenic Dizziness

Abstract Introduction Cervical pain contributes to postural deviations and imbalance. Nanotechnology may be used for the treatment of neck pain by fixing to the skin small rounds silicone patches containing double spiral carbon nanotubes arranged in the form of a coil (Helical), which would then relieve dizziness caused by muscular contraction. Objective The objective of this study is to Evaluate pain and dizziness scores before and after Helical patches effect on cervicogenic dizziness treatment. Methods The selected patients should have neck pain arising from muscle contraction with loss of balance or instability lasting more than 90 days and normal electrooculography. Treatment consisted of placing 10 Helical patches distributed as follows: two in the upper cervical area, two in the lower cervical area (near the 5th and 6th vertebrae), two in the upper trapezius muscle area (between neck and shoulder), and four in the tender point area (as reported by the patient). Using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), we matched pain and dizziness scores from Day 1 to those from Day 15 and Day 30 using Mann-Whitney test. Results There was a significant difference between pain score reported on Day 1 and Day 15 (Z = 2.43, U = 5, p = 0.01). We also found significant differences between dizziness scores reportedondays1 and15 (Z = 2.62, U = 3.5, p = 0.01) and days 1 and 30 (Z = 2.36, U = 5.5, p = 0.01). Conclusion The Helical patches seem to be an effective treatment for cervicogenic dizziness.

Tinnitus prevalence in the city of São Paulo / Prevalência do zumbido na cidade de São Paulo

INTRODUCTION: The public and private health care in the city of São Paulo has no data on tinnitus prevalence. OBJECTIVE: Determine tinnitus prevalence in São Paulo city. STUDY DESIGN: Series study. METHODS: Cross-sectional study by field questionnaire with 1960 interviews. Predictor variables included gender, age, tinnitus. RESULTS: The prevalence of tinnitus was 22%. It affects more women (26%) than men (17%) and increases with advancing age. Approximately one third of cases (32%) assert that they have constant tinnitus (i.e., "ringing"), while most describe intermittent tinnitus (68%). The majority (64%) reported feeling annoyed, while others (36%) denied any annoyance. Among women, the occurrence of an annoying tinnitus was significantly higher (73%) than among men (50%). The percentages were: mildly annoying (11%), moderately annoying (55%), and severely annoying (34%). Tinnitus interferes with daily activities in 18% of those reporting to be annoyed. CONCLUSION: The population in the city of São Paulo suffering from tinnitus was more prevalent than previously estimated. Generally, it affects more women and those without occupation, and increases significantly with age. Most respondents described the tinnitus as annoying, and this was more prevalent in females. The degree of discomfort measured by a Visual Analogue Scale showed moderate tinnitus, with responses averaging 6.3. .

INTRODUÇÃO: As redes pública e privada de saúde na cidade de São Paulo não possuem dados sobre a prevalência de zumbido. OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência do zumbido na população paulistana. DESENHO DO ESTUDO: Estudo de Série. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal por questionário de campo totalizando 1960 entrevistas. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de zumbido observada foi de 22%. Acomete mais mulheres (26%) do que homens (17%). Observou-se crescimento progressivo da prevalência com o aumento da idade. Cerca de 1/3 dos casos (32%) têm zumbido constante, enquanto a maioria refere zumbido intermitente (68%). A maioria (64%) declarou se sentir incomodada, os demais (36%) negaram qualquer incomodo; neste quesito o percentual de mulheres foi significantemente maior (73%)que o de homens (50%). Os percentuais observados foram: incômodo leve (11%), incômodo moderado (55%), e incomodo severo (34%). O zumbido interfere nas atividades diárias em 18% dos sujeitos. CONCLUSÃO: O zumbido na cidade de São Paulo mostrou-se mais prevalente do que o previamente estimado. Acometem mais frequentemente mulheres e indivíduos sem ocupação, aumentando significantemente com a idade. A maioria refere se incomodar com o zumbido, sendo a queixa mais prevalente nas mulheres. O incômodo médio aferido pela escala visual analógica apontou zumbido moderado com nota de 6,3. .

Estudo epidemiologico populacional da prevalencia de tontura na cidade de Sao Paulo / Population epidemiological study on the prevalence of dizziness in the city of Sao Paulo

A epidemiologia da tontura é fundamental na prática clínica. OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de tontura na população adulta de São Paulo; suas características clínicas e seu grau de incômodo. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo transversal de abril e outubro de 2012 por questionário de campo, totalizando 1.960 entrevistas. Variáveis preditoras avaliadas foram, sexo, idade, tipo de tontura e índice de incapacidade provocado pela tontura. As ferramentas estatísticas para avaliar a significância entre as variáveis foram os testes do qui-quadrado, t de Student e regressão logística. Intervalo de confiança de 95% para as estimativas produzidas. RESULTADOS: A prevalência da tontura na cidade de São Paulo foi estabelecida em 42%. Foram encontrados dois picos da queixa, 49% na faixa de 46 a 55 anos e 44% nos idosos. As tonturas vestibulares foram estimadas em 8,3% da população e afetam preferencialmente as mulheres (p < 0,001). O sintoma causa incapacidade em 27% dos entrevistados sintomáticos e incomoda mais frequentemente o sexo feminino (p < 0,001), que procura atendimento médico com maior frequência (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência da tontura em São Paulo foi estabelecida em 42%. Afeta as atividades diárias em 67% dos sintomáticos, mas apenas 46% deles procuram auxílio médico. .

The epidemiology of dizziness is essential in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of dizziness in the adult population of São Paulo, its clinical characteristics and level of discomfort. METHOD: A prospective cross-sectional study ran from April to October of 2012 by a field questionnaire, totaling 1,960 interviews. The predictor variables assessed were age, gender, type of dizziness and the dizziness disability index. The statistical tools used to assess the significance between variables were the chi-square test, Student's t-test and logistic regression. We used a 95% confidence interval for estimated values. RESULTS: The prevalence of dizziness in the city of São Paulo was established at 42%. We found two peak of complaints, 49% in the range of 46-55 years and 44% in the elderly. Vestibular-related dizziness was estimated to affect 8.3% of the population, mainly women (p < 0.001). The symptoms caused disability in 27% of symptomatic interviewees and it is more bothersome to females (p < 0.001), who more frequently seek medical care (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of dizziness in São Paulo was found to be 42%. It affects daily activities in 67% of symptomatic patients, but only 46% of them seek medical help. .